HOLLYWOOD MELODRAMA IN EUROPEAN FILMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HOLLYWOOD MELODRAMA IN EUROPEAN FILMS - Essay Example After 1960, European cinema took itself to a new level by addressing to new and better class audiences. It also started deviating from the paradigm set by Hollywood regarding classical narrative cinemas. Melodrama first appeared in Hollywood during the era of pre- Hollywood silent cinema. During those times, it was equated with the subcategory of ‘woman’s film’ which invited female criticism on women’s ‘subaltern’ status. During the decade from 1970- 1980, European cinematic discourse took a different turn. It paved the way for â€Å"revalorization of the affective†. Through her works, Linda Williams led the way. This new way required placing of emotions in a broad category. She is also credited for taking the melodramatic genre beyond family melodramas or women – centric stories. As compared to European movies, the melodramatic movies of Hollywood contained â€Å"semiotic, psychoanalytic or ideological structures†. Melodra matic movies, in opinion of (LANDY, 1991, p. 19- 20) carried different interpretations. Groups supporting different film movements differ in opinions. In most parts of the Western Europe, as well as in Hollywood, realist melodramatic movie gained popularity. Society and social issues were the chief subjects of these movies. Melodrama, as a theatrical genre of Hollywood emphasizes more on subjectivity of emotions over social commentary. Everything related to emotions is externalized and presented in form of gestures (Deleuze and the cinemas of performance: powers of affection, 2008, p. 71). Music has played one of the most important roles when it comes to theatrical melodramas of nineteenth century. This tradition has remained unchanged even in twenty -first century. Thus, present day melodramatic movies bear subtle impression of traditional functions and conventions of music (Reay, 2004, p. 6). Conventions of Hollywood melodrama In European movies Since 1920, European cinema has set for an enterprise to have an individual identity and disassociate itself from Hollywood. Though the goal was achieved to a certain degree by countries like Germany, France and Italy, European cinema could never come out fully from Hollywood domains (Dyer and Vincendeau, 1992, p. 8). Chief notions of melodramas in Hollywood are- art is primarily used for criticism, domestic tragedy is a sub- genre of melodrama, virtuous characters suffer throughout the discourse it s worth noticing that, degree or possibility of suffering does not depend on person’s nature. Also, absolute happiness portrayed through characters are not practical in certain cases as in real life sufferings are inevitable. Lastly, the main character represents the entire population having similar problem. He or she stands for a whole mass seeking to change the course of actions or an entire system. Before ceasing its existence, melodrama in European film was deeply influenced by generic iconographies of Hollywoo d. General subject matters, perceived from a broader point of view were considered for producing melodramas. Hollywood’s influence could then be felt in European cinemas as the producers and directors made use of conventional Hollywood devices like â€Å"peplum files, historical swashbucklers, biblical epics and exotic adventure. All these were modifies and conditioned according to

Private School vs Public School Essay Example for Free

Private School vs Public School Essay Many public school facilities are impressive others are mediocre. The same is true of private schools. In the public school system, the twin engines of political support and economic revenue base are critical. In private schools the ability to attract endowments and other forms of financial support are just as critical. Private school facilities reflect the success of the schools development team and that of the school to continue to generate alumni support. Some private K-12 schools have facilities and amenities which surpass those found at many colleges and universities. Hotchkiss and Andover, for example, have libraries and athletic facilities on a par with those at Brown and Cornell. They also offer academic and sports programs which make full use of all those resources. It is hard to find comparable facilities in the public sector. They are few and far between. Public schools also reflect the economic realities of their location. Wealthy suburban schools will have more amenities than inner city schools as a rule. Think Greenwich, Connecticut versus Detroit, Michigan, for example. So, who has the edge? Lets call it a draw, all things considered. Class Size: According to the NCES report Private Schools: A Brief Portrait private schools win out on this issue. Why? Most private schools have small class sizes. One of the key points of private education is individual attention. You need student to teacher ratios of 15:1 or better to achieve that goal of individual attention. On the other hand a public system has to take almost anyone who lives within its boundaries. In public schools you will generally find much larger class sizes, sometimes exceeding 35-40 students in some inner city schools. At that point teaching rapidly degenerates into babysitting. Teaching: Public sector teachers are generally better paid. Naturally compensation varies widely depending on the local economic situation. Put another way, its cheaper living in Duluth, Minnesota than it is in San Francisco. Unfortunately low starting salaries and small annual salary increases result in low teacher retention in many public school districts. Public sector benefits have historically been excellent; however, health and pension costs have risen so dramatically since 2000 that public educators will be forced to pay or pay more for their benefits. Private school compensation tends to be somewhat lower than public. Again, much depends on the school and its financial resources. One private school benefit found especially in boarding schools is housing and meals. Private school pension schemes vary widely. Many schools use major pension providers such as TIAA-CREF Both public and private schools require their teachers to be credentialed. This usually means a degree and a teaching certificate. Private schools tend to hire teachers with advanced degrees in their subject over teachers who have an education degree. Put another way, a private school hiring a Spanish teacher will want that teacher to have a degree in Spanish language and literature as opposed to an education degree with a minor in Spanish. Budgets: Since local property taxes support the bulk of public education, the annual school budget exercise is a serious fiscal and political business. In poor communities or communities which have many voters living on fixed incomes, there is precious little room to respond to budget requests within the framework of projected tax revenue. Grants from foundations and the business community are essential to creative funding. Private schools on the other hand can raise tuition, and they also can raise significant amounts of money from a variety of development activities, including annual appeals, cultivation of alumni and alumnae, and solicitation of grants from foundations and corporations. The strong allegiance to private schools by their alumni makes the chances of fund-raising success a real possibility in most cases. Administrative Support: The bigger the bureaucracy, the harder it is to get decisions made at all, much less get them made quickly. The public education system is notorious for having antiquated work rules and bloated bureaucracies. This is as a result of union contracts and host of political considerations. Private schools on the other hand generally have a lean management structure. Every dollar spent has to come from operating income and endowment income. Those resources are finite. The other difference is that private schools rarely have teacher unions to deal with. Advantages and disadvantages: There are many advantages and disadvantages to both public and private schools. As a parent, both options must be explored and the choice must be based on what is right for each particular child. Public schools often have a larger variety of subjects available, especially when it comes to electives. However, what is learned is somewhat decided by the state because public schools need to do well on standardized testing. Private schools, on the other hand, whether parochial or private have much more freedom of choice in curriculum and can choose to make their own assessments. Because of the individualized instruction, private schools tend to do generally better on standardized testing, that is, if they choose to use it. Private schools, many times, have more demanding curricula and have a higher rate of students who go on to attend college. Public schools are larger and also have larger class sizes. Public schools also have larger student-teacher ratios. According to a web site called Public School Review, Private schools average 13 students per teacher, compared with an average of 16 students per teacher in public schools (public school review). However, public schools have certified teachers. Private schools typically have teachers who are not state-certified and who may not have expertise in their subject matter. The biggest difference between public and private schools probably is that public schools are required to educate all students. They cannot deny any student admission. On the other hand, private schools have complete control about which they accept and can kick students out much more easily. Public schools are funded by tax revenue whereas private schools are funded privately. That means private schools cost money to attend called tuition. Taxpayers pay for public schools so the payment is included in what people pay. However in private schools, the payment is upfront for students to attend. Overall, there is no one right answer for which kind of school a student attends-public or private. The decision must be made for each individual student as there are advantages and disadvantages of both. Comparisons: Private school can be more beneficial than going to a public school. Private schools focus on preparing students for the next level of education; public schools are focused on test preparations sessions. Choosing the right school system for your child has a repercussion towards their future education. In the public school system the classrooms are overcrowded with students. Each class has an average of 27 to 30 students to it, which can limit the ability of one on one interaction with the teacher. A lot of the bullying issues come from the unstructured dress codes. This can create social divide to the less fortunate kids that can’t afford all the name brand items. In public school teachers are quick to say your child needs to be on medication if they are high strung, without knowing what other forms of issues might be occurring in the home. When parents try to discipline their child at home the school seems to always try to step in. Some things should be up to the parents to handle without haven to worry about the school stepping in. In the private school system when a child enters the school for the first time he or she will start out with a minimal class size with no more than 20 students. This allows more one on one time with the teacher, it also opens up more time for activities. The private school has a very strictly enforced dress code to eliminate animosity between the students. The schools are very family oriented with parents and students being involved with school activities. Teachers and parents are held to higher standards from the private schools. Teachers are expected to continue to grow and parents are obligated to maintain discipline of their children even in their absence. The testing that takes place at private schools is called Terra Nova, and kids are tested two or three times a year. Conclusion So, who comes out on top? Public schools or private schools As you can see, there are no clear-cut answers or conclusions. Public schools have their advantages and disadvantages. Private schools offer an alternative. Which works best for you? Thats the real question which you have to answer.

Vasco da Gamas Exploration of India and Portuguese Voyages of Discover

Vasco da Gama's Exploration of India and Portuguese Voyages of Discovery When asked which nation contributed the most to sea exploration in the fifteenth century, the obvious answer is Spain. What if there were another nation, a nation whose contributions were far more than landing one continent? What if there was a nation that in only 100 years managed to sail in every ocean, every major sea, touched every continent except Antarctica and possibly Australia, and were the first Europeans to land in China, Korea, New Guinea, the Azores, Cape Verde and numerous other places. Well, there was such a nation, and it is Portugal. Portugal was the country that lead the greatest expansion of the known world in the history of the world. In only one hundred years they managed to be the first Europeans in nearly one half the globe, as well as be the first to push south. The accomplishments of the rest of Europe paled in comparison. The Portuguese exploration and expansion at this time is a huge subject. Here will be discussed only one of their voyages, that of Vasco d a Gama's voyage to India, as he was the first European to sail to there. Prince Henry the Navigator was most definitely a driving force in this venture, while the King during the voyage, Manuel, was the one who ordered it. Bartolmeu Dias was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope, in his 1487-88 voyage, proving that it could be done, and breaking ground for da Gama. Born in 1394, the Infante Enriques, known to the world as Prince Henry the Navigator, became the man who was most responsible for the maritime expansion of Portugal and of general marine science, as well, both of which led to the voyage to India. As a boy he was infatuated with accounts of the wild beasts, w... ...bus and Spain tried to reach India by going West, some daring, risk taking Portuguese knew it could be reached by sailing east, and unlike Spain, actually acheived what they meant to do. Works Cited: Hamilton, Genesta. In the Wake of Da Gama. London: Skeffington and Son Limited, 1951. Hart, Henry. Sea Road to the Indies. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1950. Jones, Vincent. Sail the Indian Sea. London: Gordon and Cremonesi Publishers, 1978. Pearson, M. N. The New Cambridge History of India. pt. 1, vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 8 vols. Russell-Wood, A. J. R. A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America 1415-1808. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. Wallis, Helen. "England and Portugal 1386-1986; 'Things Hidden From Other Men'; the Portuguese Voyages of Discovery." History oday June 1986: 27-33.

Life is beautiful

The main aspects that the film covers are the importance of love and family, the role f imagination and the resilience of the human spirit. Therefore, in the movie â€Å"Life is Beautiful† the director shows Guides personal commitment to being both a protector of innocence for Joshua and a loving husband to Dora that is, at times, essential to filter other people's prejudices in order to be true to who you are. The director shows through Odor's character on how we present ourselves, gets taken in two different ways by people, either in a positive or negative way. Some could be against the prejudice or for it that despite on who's in charge.To Dora, Guide was a hero, but to he Nazis he was nothing more than a dog. To Guide, the Nazis were of no consequence; only the lives of his beloved concerned him. Guides Interests were Dora and making her life into something that no one will ever expect; a magical life full of happiness. For Instance, the romantic, funny scene where Guide o nly looks at Dora instead of the Opera show, shows how Guide forgets everyone around him and only stares at the one he loves, Just like how he did not care what happens to him the moment he needed to find Dora before the German guards did.He did not care what he Nazis did to everyone but all Guide needed to do was find Dora and protect his son, like any husband or father will do for his family. Nazis were only brutal because they were following the orders of their superiors and a leader who was showing hatred towards the Jews; but Dora was not because she was her own person and she Is not the type of person to hate other people because of their culture, which Is why Dora was not that much worry on what happens about being married to a Jews.She wanted to be happy, that Is what Guide made sure that Is what happens In Odor's life very day. Racism, negative comments, Ignorance and hatred affects not Just one's moral values but also their Identity. Many times Individuals struggle while d ealing with prejudice and end up causing self-harm. In this film however, we experience Guilds character In a complete opposite way. Guide Is the type of person who does not choose the path of self- harm but bottles up his emotions Just to see his family alive and happy.For Instance when, he Is forced to carry anvil up the stairs on a dally basis at the camp, he knows that If he asks for a reprieve, he will be killed, and as a season, fall his son and everything he Is working for. Even though he Is weak and dreadfully tired every day, Guide still puts on a smile and carries on the facade whenever Joshua was near. He never allows his son to get the sense that something Is horribly wrong. Guide wouldn't react to pain and he wouldn't show his sorrows whenever Joshua was near.He was suffering deep wealth him but due to his love for his son, he managed to laugh even while In Immense pain. Even when Guide was being taken to the corner to be shot, Guide still managed to march â€Å"playfu lly so as to the game. Guide never let any opportunity occur where his son can start to question his true intentions and reason for lying; he never even let on to Joshua that he was lying. Through the feeling that Dora, his wife, knew that Guide would never allow for their son to face any challenges alone.During the scene where Guide and Joshua speak over the speakers, it was a way to assure Dora that they are both safe and that Guide has fulfilled all the duties as a father by making sure that Joshua is protected from the Germans. Guide was always seen as a hero to Dora, even if others did not UT that did not let Guide stop from believing what is right or wrong. Humans show their true colors and emotions to those who understand its value. However, this differs from age to age.When it comes to children, they tend to be kept hidden from the surrounding negativity only to protect their very innocence that is cherished by all. Throughout the train ride and upon arrival at the dismal ca mp, Guides only aim was to protect his son from the horror which surrounded them. He invents an elaborate game, requiring silence and complete dedication in order to gain the mints necessary to win. Guide didn't want Joshua to know the full truth of racism and hate that occurs on a regular basis around them but instead wants him to know that everyone is equal despite their beliefs.All Guide wanted was to show to his son that nothing is different between Jews and the supposed Aryans. Aryans were considered the supreme beings for having blond hair and blue eyes and free of all external disease, whereas a person with the same internal characteristics but different external appearance were considered less of a human. Once they reach the bunks at he concentration camp, and an opportunity presents itself to Guide to preserve Joshua innocence, he leaps at the chance.He is asked to translate for the German Nazi the rules of the camp, although he doesn't speak German; instead makes it appear to his son that the guard is explaining the rules of the supposed game. This was extremely risky for Guide, as it could land him straight in front of the barrel of a gun, but his intention was primal and he was concerned only of his son's safety. He hid the true reality and their predicament from Joshua for the sole reason of reserving his innocence, and hopefully provide a chance at survival.If Joshua truly knew of the events that occurred all around them on a daily basis, he would have started to hate his father for the wrong reasons. One of the motives Guide could have had for his actions may have been his desire to not have his son, his flesh and blood hate him – for being a Jew, and passing that on to his son. He wanted Joshua to love him for who he is as a human being and not for the faith he believes in. Guide intention was to fulfill the role and responsibilities as a father towards his son.Guide is scared of the concentration camp and the Nazis but he holds himself together for the benefit of his son, demonstrating courage and heroism when dealing with fear. He loves his son so much that he shields him from the harsh reality of life at that time. This shows that love has the power to conquer all. In conclusion, â€Å"Life is Beautiful† is an inspirational film that shows the cruel and hate of many Aryans towards the Jews. Throughout the film you see the different ways racism, and negative comments are being spread towards the Jews as a way to make them feel sees important.It's also about the power of one individual to filter out other people's thoughts and negatively comments in order to be true to who you really are. Just how even though she could have stayed back due to her religious, she choice to be where her family is. The director also shows through Guide the power of being protective to his son and a lovely husband to Dora, at the same time flattering out negative comments around him for the better of his family. â€Å"Life is b eautiful â€Å"has touched the hearts of many viewers and continues to do so.

Insecurity and Ignorance Essay

Grasping the idea of sexual assault and rape can be a difficult task. We know of it within our world, but it may not effect us in our own lives. Vulnerability is a more comprehensible feeling. Many girls around the world can relate the constant comparison between themselves and others, their need for attention, and insecurity. In Joyce Carol Oats’ Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? , the main character, Connie, displays these feelings through her subconscious thoughts and mindless actions. Her longing for acknowledgement leads to the extremely unfortunate event, meeting Arnold Friend. Connie’s low self-esteem, constant need for male attention, and lack of judgment force her to be helpless to the manipulative people she attracts. Connie’s insecurity causes her to constantly desire for male attention. She consistently daydreams about the boys she has been with, â€Å"Her mind slipped over onto thoughts of the boy she had been with the night before. †(365) Even as Connie goes through her normal, relaxing day, her mind subconsciously slips to thoughts of boys. This shows her obsession, desiring more from the males with whom she interacts. Connie’s clothing also displays her low self-esteem, when talking about Connie’s two different appearances: â€Å"She wore a pullover jersey blouse that looked one way at home and another way when she was away from home. †(362) Connie’s need for male attention causes her to dress in an inappropriate way, that she cannot show at home. She lost all self-respect, allowing herself to dress in a way to fulfill her mind’s desires. Because of the way she dresses, males treat her as they would someone much older, who dresses in the same way. Connie’s low self-esteem causes her to think that being pretty is all that matters, â€Å"She knew she was pretty and that was everything. † (361) Connie believes she is pretty and that she is better than anyone else because of that. Her world revolves around boys, and she thinks that all men care about is how pretty women appear, therefore being pretty is everything. The actions and thoughts of Connie cause her to have little self-respect in a world that revolves around males. Connie’s attitude and action towards males does not attract her the kind of attention she desires. Her mother tends to get angry with Connie for her arrogance. When Connie explains her mother’s preference for her older sister, June, she said, â€Å"If Connie’s name was mentioned it was disapproving. † (364). In Connie’s mind, the importance of the boys in her life is much greater than the importance of family. Spending nights at the drive-in restaurant, a popular hangout spot, Connie attracts the attention of older boys. This is what she intends to happen, but she is unaware of how this can lead to trouble. Older boys treat Connie as they would a girl their own age. This pressures Connie into doing things she would not normally do with someone as young as herself. In addition to the pressure from older boys, her actions by hanging out at the drive-in put her in danger. When Connie was with a boy at the drive-in restaurant, she caught the eye of a man who would prove dangerous: â€Å"He wagged a finger and laughed and said, ‘Gonna get you, baby. ’† (363-364) Connie does not know at the time that she was attracting danger. Connie is naive of the world around her, acting without thinking about the affects these decisions could have on her life. Through flirtatious acts and her attitude, Connie attracted a rapist, from whom she was unable to escape. By hanging out at the drive-in restaurant, flirting with older boys, and wearing provocative clothing Connie attracted the attention of the creepy Arnold Friend, whose intentions can be inferred from the story. When Arnold first pulls up to Connie’s house, and they officially meet for the first time, Connie instantly thinks about his impression on her: â€Å"She couldn’t decide if she liked him or if he was a jerk. (367). Connie did not find this abrupt encounter with Arnold strange, because he showed up at her house and knew about her. She first thinks about whether she liked him or not. She is oblivious to the danger of strangers, only thinking about if he is worth her flirting. Once Connie fell into Arnold’s trap, she is unable to escape: â€Å"She thought for the first time in her life that is was nothing that was hers, that belonged to her, but just a pounding, living thing inside this body that wasn’t really hers either. (377). She no longer had control of herself or of her fate. Everything lies in the hands of Arnold Friend. A potential rapist easily takes advantage of Connie, because of her vulnerability, longing for male acknowledgement, and not thinking about her actions. Connie’s whole world is centered around boys, consistently in her thoughts, which influence her actions. As a result, Connie’s daydreams of being with boys turned into nightmares of reality.

Free Essays on Declaration

Declaration of Independence The King of Britain has committed many injuries and usurpation’s on the 13 Colonies, for he is a prince-whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant. The Declaration of Independence, was written to establish the basis of the revolution that the colonists were planning, and enacting, it expressed the reasons for which the colonists claimed as factors for their wants to be independent. The document was divided into three major parts: the first section contained a statement of principle that discussed the rights of man and the legitimacy of revolution; the second presented a long list of grievances that provided the rationale for rebellion; and the third/last portion of the declaration included the formal announcement of independence. The 1st Section of the Declaration discussed the rights of man and the legitimacy of revolution. The Declaration most significantly declared that â€Å"All men are created equal† and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain rights to enjoy â€Å"life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.† Moreover, the Declaration argues that government must be representative of the people and is limited in power by a recognition of basic political rights. If when a government violates these people’s natural rights, the people have the additional right to hereby â€Å"alter or to abolish that government.† Thereof, the wanting of a â€Å"Democracy† among the 13 colonies. In contrast, the present King of Great Britain has forever elongated a series of usurpation’s that evinces a design to increase absolute despotism by neglecting to attend to the needs of his colonies and to their o so unalienable rights. Evenmore, controversial to the accusations made against the present King were a long list of specific grievances that provided the rationale for rebellion. These grievances were evidence to evince that the colonists rights... Free Essays on Declaration Free Essays on Declaration Declaration of Independence The King of Britain has committed many injuries and usurpation’s on the 13 Colonies, for he is a prince-whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant. The Declaration of Independence, was written to establish the basis of the revolution that the colonists were planning, and enacting, it expressed the reasons for which the colonists claimed as factors for their wants to be independent. The document was divided into three major parts: the first section contained a statement of principle that discussed the rights of man and the legitimacy of revolution; the second presented a long list of grievances that provided the rationale for rebellion; and the third/last portion of the declaration included the formal announcement of independence. The 1st Section of the Declaration discussed the rights of man and the legitimacy of revolution. The Declaration most significantly declared that â€Å"All men are created equal† and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain rights to enjoy â€Å"life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.† Moreover, the Declaration argues that government must be representative of the people and is limited in power by a recognition of basic political rights. If when a government violates these people’s natural rights, the people have the additional right to hereby â€Å"alter or to abolish that government.† Thereof, the wanting of a â€Å"Democracy† among the 13 colonies. In contrast, the present King of Great Britain has forever elongated a series of usurpation’s that evinces a design to increase absolute despotism by neglecting to attend to the needs of his colonies and to their o so unalienable rights. Evenmore, controversial to the accusations made against the present King were a long list of specific grievances that provided the rationale for rebellion. These grievances were evidence to evince that the colonists rights...

The Medicated Child Example

The Medicated Child Example The Medicated Child – Book Report/Review Example MEDICATED This is a documentary that aired on the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) program, Frontline. I described difficulties diagnosing and treating childhood behavioral disorders. In my view it illustrates a tendency in The West, especially in America, to treat many perceived disorders, including behavioral, as medically based, that is caused by some kind of brain defect rather than by a deficiency in socialization. This is not to deny that a brain problem can cause behavioral issues. Rather I would argue such disorders may be caused by brain defects or problems in the social environment or a combination of both. The documentary pointed out that at least until the time President Clinton gave a 6 month patent extension to pharmaceutical companies on new drugs in exchange for their commitment to do clinical trials on their effects on children as well as adults, there was little research on their effectiveness in treating children and whether there would be any negative and dangero us side effects on kids. The program documented by individual case studies, that especially prior to Clinton’s policy change, little was known about the effectiveness and dangers of drugs on children compared to adults and the risk that while a drug may prove effective in treating one disorder it may cause another. It also highlighted the tendency to faulty diagnosis because some symptoms are similar in different disorders. For example, an increasing number of children have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder previously thought to be an adult only problem. In conclusion, I think the program has done an excellent job documenting the extension of America’s medical culture to children with its’ assumption that most medical issues can be treated with proscribed pills. However, I think it falls short in its failure to examine more holistic solutions. For example, what effect does a child’s parenting and/or extended social environment have on a child’s behavior? Also, if a child’s body is not developed sufficiently to react favorably to pharmaceuticals could techniques from Oriental medicine such as acupuncture and aromatherapy prove more effective and less dangerous? I think an investigation into alternatives to pharmaceutical based treatment regimes could prove enlightening and offer better options.

5 Great Healthcare Jobs That Dont Need a Degree

5 Great Healthcare Jobs That Dont Need a Degree for some people, spending years (and many thousands of dollars) in school to become a doctor or a nurse is a great option. but that isn’t the only way to find a rewarding job in healthcare. there are plenty of job opportunities across the industry for people who don’t have a bachelor’s degree. here are five of the most lucrative occupations for healthcare professionals who took a different route into this ever-growing industry.1. ultrasound technicianultrasound techs operate important diagnostic equipment in hospitals and outpatient facilities. we’re all familiar with the image of a technician presenting soon-to-be parents  with a sonogram image of their baby (and identifying which black-and-white smudge on the screen is junior), but the role is actually much broader: helping doctors to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions. it’s pretty lucrative, too: the median salary is $66,410, with the field growing at a breakneck pace of 46% by 2022.2. occupational health and safety technicianthese occupational techs aren’t necessarily involved in patient care, but rather evaluating health and safety risks in places like offices and public areas. you may not see them, but they serve a very important public health need and perform tests and analysis to make sure we’re all safer in our workplaces. the median salary is $44,470, with average growth of 11% by 2022.3. licensed practical nurse (lpn)/licensed vocational nurse (lvn)lpns and lvns provide crucial nursing support to registered nurses and doctors. these roles typically require a training program, but not a four-year degree (as is the case for most registered nurses). lpns and lvns can also be found in a large range of environments, from hospitals to home care to eldercare facilities, opening many opportunities.the median salary is $41,450, with speedy growth of 25% expected by 2022.4. surgical technologistsurgical technologists perform an essential non-doctor fun ction in operating rooms: setting up equipment, making sure all necessary elements are in place, and assisting or doctors and nurses during procedures. with a median salary of $41,000 and growth of 30% expected, this field is a great bet for the future if you have incredible attention to detail and aren’t squeamish!5. dispensing opticiando you have a knack for knowing when glasses just look right on someone’s face? this field might be for you. dispensing opticians take glasses and contact lenses prescribed by an ophthalmologist and work with the patients to ensure proper fit and arrange follow up care. with a median salary of $33,330 and 23% growth predicted (thanks to all of us staring at small screens 24 hours a day), this is a patient care area you might not realize is under the healthcare career umbrella.it’s worth noting here that many (if not all) of these jobs may require special licensing or training programs, depending on your state’s rules. youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll want to do some research legwork before committing to any of these paths- but these occupations are a great way to get your foot in the door in one of the fastest-growing industries in the country.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Business Law - Essay Example The creation of the Australian law has been because of the decisions made by the Australian courts along with diverse laws that have been passed by the Parliament of Australia2. In the context of this case study, it can be assumed that both the elements i.e. intention as well as consideration needed for the formation of a contract exists. The main intention of Sally is to sell the bicycle to either Peter or Burt at a cost so that she can meet her outstanding accounts with the creditors and thus needs to make a payment of AU$4000 within the next few days. For a contract to be lawfully obligatory, it is quite necessary for consideration for a promise to exist3. Considerations from part of Peter can be established on the ground related to condition of the bike to be purchased and the free consent in between the two entities becoming a part of the contract. It is to be mentioned that a contract generally comes into subsistence when there are three elements present such as intention to be lawfully bound, agreement and formal execution in a deed. An agreement is attained in numerous ways such as after long and complex negotiation, by accommodating standard terms and conditions that have been set out in a document. An agreement can also be reached without expressly stated terms and when one party proposes to do something in return of an act. The basic method of attaining consent can describe as involving offer and acceptance. An offer must be complete, promissory and proposed to consequence in a contract if accepted. Acceptance needs to be made in an acceptable form4. Step Three: Rule of Law Applied To Facts The case involves numerous legal issues. One of the issues is related to the fact that the bike was delivered to Peter without his consent. For a contract, there must be agreement involving two parties5. The initial price of the bike was quoted to be AU$6000. However, Peter negotiated over the price and asked the bike for an amount of AU$4000. Sally agreed to sell the bike at AU$4000 to Peter. However, Peter refused to pay the specified amount. This can be considered as a legal issue. Peter is not supposed to alter his mind and thus must make decisions rationally. It is to be mentioned that the case presented cannot be considered as a contract since it does not meet the needs of contract. However, it can be stated that the element of agreement required for the formation of a contract can be established. In the context of the case, it has been identified that Sally did not take approval from Peter for purchasing the bike at an agreed upon price. She must not have delivered the bike without gaining any consent from Peter. Sally must state in written statement that she agrees to sell the bicycle to Peter at AU$4000 and Peter must state in written statement that he agrees to buy the bicycle at the price that he has agreed to pay. This will assist both the parties in eliminating any kind of confusions regarding the exchange of goods in the near f uture. Sally can claim that her business has an enforceable contract with Peter when he concurs to buy the bicycle at the amount that has been decided by both the parties. Step Four: Conclusion Contract can be stated as consent

Evaluation and Control on Network Acquisition Essay

Evaluation and Control on Network Acquisition - Essay Example process, the results of which are brought together into a status report, forwarded to the authorities responsible for the cost, budget, and schedule of the project. Risk mitigation strategies are used to analyze and report unplanned changes. Without effective risk mitigation strategies, a project will collapse or will lead to unexpected results because of the unanticipated changes (Royer, 2001, p.77; Adam, 2007, p.140). To handle change control issues, I plan to rank risks according to priority. Each risk should be ranked according to significance and likelihood (Dorian, 2011, par.3). I plan to take into consideration these common mitigation strategies: avoidance, acceptance, transference, and control. I would apply effective controls over risks if they are worth taking and are a part of my core project. To handle change control issues, I will measure the impact of the change in terms of my project’s cost, resources and schedule. I will accept or reject the change after reviewing what will happen if I do not allow the change to occur. I will document the change and will update the project plan

Christian denomination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christian denomination - Research Paper Example Though the denominations have a similar origin and are all followers of Christ, their variations arise from their differing views about the bible and its interpretations. A major factor connecting the denominations is the fact that they all rely upon the Bible for guidance, though there may be variations in these Bibles. As such, an example of a Christian denomination is the Jehovah Witnesses that started in the late 1800’s. Charles Taze Russell, who was a child to Joseph and Anna Russell, started this denomination while under bible study class at 18. During his bible studies, he interpreted the bible and came up with the conclusion that there was no such thing as the Holy Trinity and, on this, he started organizing himself to mobilize others who shared similar ideas. Moreover, he broke away from his then church as his views differed with what was spread by his church. Apart from this, he was also of the idea that hell fire was nonexistent and did not buy the idea that Christ was a deity. In the course of popularizing his ideas, he started publishing magazines and journals mostly countering other denominations, and by 1884, after gaining much foot, he came up with The Watchtower and established Watch Tower Tract Society that later transformed into the present Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Butalia 123). This assisted in the denominations publications that were mainly biased upon Russell’s ideas, as he was the sole author, and his main motive was to make his ideas known. Moreover, he organized denominational congregations where the followers received continuous teachings and Bible interpretations. This went on until his death in 1916. Upon Russell’s death, the society, which was then under the name International Bible Students Association due to its composition of bible study students, was taken over by Joseph Franklin. Joseph had the eccentricity of Russell, and he too made various controversial decisions while reigning at the society . This led to further split in the society but Joseph was unrelenting in his thoughts. Despite this, he retained the majority of followers. In light of this, in 1931, he changed its name to Jehovah’s Witnesses, a name that stuck to date. After the passing on of Joseph, the society went under the leadership of various personalities such as Nathan Knorr and William Franz in the course of its transformational journey (Butalia 145). Nathan was accredited with commissioning a new Bible translation and incorporating policies that enabled for continued growth worldwide. Others who have graced the management of the society include Milton Herschel and Don Adams, through which the denomination has grown in leaps and bounds, transforming under each individual leadership. The early and founding leadership of the society was well known for their penchant for coming up with chronologies that tried to predict the dates that the world would end. After a series of uneventful episodes and disa ppointments, the society abandoned the culture of trying to figure out the end of the world. Jehovah’s Witnesses are involved in a variety of practices that set them apart from the rest of the denominations. Their main practice is evangelism, which they mainly carry out on a door-to-door basis. Their principles are based upon their interpretation of the Bible, which at times differ from other Christians. A main point of divergence between Jehovah’s Witnesses and other Christians is their denial of the holy trinity and view that hell is nonexistent. They are not

Competitors for Pint Please App Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competitors for Pint Please App - Essay Example Pint Please App focuses on countries with prevalent beer culture like Denmark, Australia, Netherland, Belgium, Germany and the Czech Republic but the competitors do  not consider beer culture before establishing their product. The competitors are not able to trace the appropriate market like Pint Please App does (Lemarchand 2014). Solution to Reduce Competition In reducing competition, Pint Please App should be accessed for free without the need for internet connection and will attract more people to use Pint Please App. The mobile phone sellers should also be paid to show the buyers on how to use the Pint Please App (Zarrell and Zarrella 2010). Promotion Plan to Be Used Pint Please App should be advertised in a variety of social media in order to create awareness across the world. The App should be installed on the phones for free so when an individual buys a phone can access the Pint Please App (Pride 2011).

IS setup Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IS setup - Essay Example In the recent times, the sales have been decreasing and the new CEO has contributed it to the lack of technology in its operation. It is observed that an effective computer based information system would greatly improve and improvise the delays in the various operations of the firm and help give it a competitive advantage. I agree with the CEO because the current functioning of the firm delays the access to vital information for efficient decision making vis-Ã  -vis various managerial decision making. There is lack of effective communication amongst the various branches which increases the overhead costs considerably. The diverse units of FYC need to be linked through effective system that would facilitate sharing of information within the departments and within the branches. Access to information represents the basic precondition for success of a firm (Drucker, 1998). Access to information is vital part of organizational management processes as it not only promotes efficiency and knowledge based discharge of duties by the employees but it a great tool for the management to exploit the available information to improve its performance. It would also facilitate timely and regular communication amongst the employees and branches. Information provides wide ranging knowledge about the existing and emerging paradigms of the business world which may have considerable impact on the organizational performance outcomes. Hence, organizations need to develop a comprehensive information system that would promote and accelerate the organizational aims and objectives. Use of IS would facilitate higher level of efficiency and organizational growth which would offset a competitive advantage over their rivals. Information system development is the new methodology of storing and manipulating strategic business information that are designed to improve the overall business prospects. The ISD has been evolved to encompass various spheres of the business including

Competitors for Pint Please App Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Competitors for Pint Please App - Essay Example Pint Please App focuses on countries with prevalent beer culture like Denmark, Australia, Netherland, Belgium, Germany and the Czech Republic but the competitors do  not consider beer culture before establishing their product. The competitors are not able to trace the appropriate market like Pint Please App does (Lemarchand 2014). Solution to Reduce Competition In reducing competition, Pint Please App should be accessed for free without the need for internet connection and will attract more people to use Pint Please App. The mobile phone sellers should also be paid to show the buyers on how to use the Pint Please App (Zarrell and Zarrella 2010). Promotion Plan to Be Used Pint Please App should be advertised in a variety of social media in order to create awareness across the world. The App should be installed on the phones for free so when an individual buys a phone can access the Pint Please App (Pride 2011).

Country analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Country analysis - Essay Example Shimko attributes the economic deterioration in Afghanistan to a military strike and transformation that followed after 9/11 attacks. United States had resolved to fight terrorism by targeting heads based in Afghanistan. Military revolution) affect the economic situation of the country especially if one of the countries is superior in terms of technology, military, and economically (Shimko 17. Afghanistan belongs to the periphery countries. It shares a small percentage of the global wealth despite owning oil ores. The agricultural, labor, and natural resource system of Afghanistan is dependent on the status of the government and the level of dependence on foreign aid. Shimko notes that the effect of post Middle-East American military action has resulted to a country that is struggling to get the economic condition on its feet. The country registered a slow economic growth rate since 2013 due to weak governance capacity after the anti-terrorism wars. The country has failed to implement operations together because of unending wars since the invasion by Soviet Union in 1979 (Shimko 31). Afghanistan used to contribute an integral share to the agricultural sector of the world before the war and unending political instability. It used to export surplus produce to USA, France, India, and Pakistan before Cold War and US invasion in 2001. The insurgence of military forces does not only seek to boost security against terrorism, but also control mineral deposits that could turn the country into a world-mining center. However, the country is among the poorest countries in the global economic position platform. Afghanistan would subsidize and protect copper, iron, cobalt and lithium mineral deposit in a bid to boost its mining industry. The deposits remain unutilized because of the prevailing poor economic status. However, the country is struggling in weak government and post-terror

The history of forest schools Essay Example for Free

The history of forest schools Essay ‘Forest School in the UK may seem a fairly new movement. In reality it is based on a rich heritage of outdoor learning going back at least to the 19th century. Philosophers, naturalists and educators in Europe and the UK such as Wordsworth, Ruskin, Baden Powell, Leslie Paul (who founded the Woodcraft Folk in 1925), Kurt Hahn (who founded Gordon stone and was the inspiration for our first outdoor education centers), Susan Isaacs and the Macmillan sisters all laid the foundations for what is known as Forest School today. During the 1970s and 80s our education system moved toward a more teacher/outcome-centered approach in an attempt to improve numeracy and literacy, in particular, and we had the introduction of the national curriculum. Somewhat in response to this, there was a growth of ‘alternative’ educational models in the 1990s and it is in this context that Forest School emerged. ’ A brief history of the development from the Forest School Association. The Forest School model originates in Scandinavia and involves participants journeying by foot (if possible) to a local woodland environment to learn outdoors on a regular sustained basis. In 1993 a group of childcare students visiting Denmark witnessed the benefits of Forest School for themselves and brought the idea back to Bridgewater College. On returning they devised way to apply forest schools to their childcare center. Since then the idea has grown and Forest Schools are spreading throughout Britain. Margret McMillan was a socialist Christian. She was very interested in education and she fought for reforms to improve the health of young children, wrote several books on nursery education and pioneered a play-centered approach. She was very interested in how children could learn outside and how it benefitted them. It wasn’t until after her life that her thoughts and theories were put into practice, a college was opened in her sister’s name in 1930 and in 1936 the first purpose-built outdoor center was created in memory of Margaret McMillan. Friedrich Frobel was also a pioneer of outdoor learning. Introducing and sustaining the original idea according to which nature and the natural environment had a definite and positive role in the education of children. Frobel coined the word kinder garten, which means children’s garden. Other significant contributors to the outdoor learning movement were Natalie Davis and Susan Isaacs. Davis set up Chelsea open-air nursery in 1927, she handed it over to Isaacs, who wanted to give invigorating and healthy experiences to the children. Isaacs was a keen researcher of principals and new research appearing about how children should learn. â€Å"Today Chelsea Open Air Nursery School and Children’s Centre survives as a fitting and faithful legacy of Susan Isaacs pioneering work. Educationalists from around the world visit the school and are inspired by its wonderful setting, ethos and professional expertise. ’ Forests schools officially began in the Uk in 1993 after a group of students visited Denmark and saw forest schools in action. This was only 20 years ago and today there are at least 25 forest school companies listed, and I dare say that not all forest school practitioners are on the association site. There is also places like Ruskin Mill, who specialise in bush craft and farming activities for young adults, and HillHolt farm in Lincolnshire, which started as an alternative for expelled children, it is now a fully fledged educational centre using many forest school activities, and teaching other outdoor skills for life, with very successful results. Many school and nursery teachers have become forest school leaders and run sessions in their schools. No exact figure is available but I would definitely say forest schools are now becoming mainstream and it’s common place for people to be aware of what forest school is. Locally, in Lincolnshire there are 4 forest schools, and in the South Yorkshire there are another 4 registered forest schools. In Scotland (the coldest part of the UK) they’re a fully outdoor nursery/kindergarten. This embraces forest schools in an extreme way, everyday is a forest school for the children who attend â€Å"Kirsty Licence, 40, a doctor and Alastairs mother, believes the nursery will be an antidote to Britains increasingly sedentary, over-protective culture. Childhood obesity is a big problem, and one of the things is that children spend too long inside. The forest education initiative was set up to basically make people more aware of how important our forests are to us and for people to understand the link between everyday product and our trees. â€Å"Our aim is to help young people understand the sustainable role that trees and timber have in our lives. † The aims of the initiative are achieved through the work of forest schools, conservationists and groundwork, amongst others. The initiative has supported forest schools because of the work they do which takes more and more children into our forests. Forest school can register to be recognised with the Forest Education Initiative. To have financial backing and an official body to be recognised will no doubt have had a positive effect on the uptake and growth of forests schools nationally. The forest school association exists like many other associations to provide a central point for good practice, storing and sharing information for practitioners. Also to communicate a strong clear message of what Forest School is. They also work with other organisations with similar goals, not as competitors but as a team hoping to enlighten people about the importance of our forests. They are also the governing body for forest school qualifications, making the whole operation absolutely professional. Personally I think as time goes on that forest schools will become even more popular. As more people experience a child in the outdoors they will realise how much they flourish and learn in a natural environment. Unfortunately, though it may be a while before the government realises this, we may go to china and back first!

Moldovas Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)

Moldovas Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) The World Trade Organization (WTO), successor of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) founded in 1947, today represents a common institutional frame- work for the development of trade relations among its members, based on the principles harmonized at the international level through a number of multilateral agreements. At present the WTO includes 140 countries, with another 32 countries having an observer status. Moldova, Armenia, China and Vanuatu are at the final stage of accession. Today only a few countries with planned economies in their past and some developing countries have remained outside the WTO. Integration, of the developing countries and of the countries with their economies in transition, into the international trade system offers a good opportunity to take full advantage from the participation to enter the globalization process. Countries with their economies in transition view the WTO, whose rules of international trade are being established and monitored , as a structure that offers an important opportunity for integration into the world economy and of the improvement of their national legal framework in the economic and commercial field. The WTO basic functions are as follows: to facilitate the application, administration and successful functioning of the WTO laws and regulatory framework; to promote the achievement of objectives of each WTO agreement that concerns specific trade issues; Proceeding from these functions, the WTO can be viewed as an international structure, which for its member states represents the following: a forum for negotiations of issues concerning trade relations and matters incorporated into international multilateral treaties; a forum for future international negotiations, representation of each members interests; a legal and institutional framework for the application of the results of talks between states; a framework ensuring the application of rules and procedures for settling disputes between states; a framework providing for the use of the mechanisms of scrutinizing and ensuring transparency of commercial policies. 3.1. Advantages of the World Trading System The world trading system is not perfect, particularly taking into account the attempts of the Member States to have after their accession, the current rules revised. However, since the establishment of the WTO in 1995, countries involved in this system maintain that a state outside the system should be aware of the advantages the WTO offers to its members and of the reasons in favor of the WTO membership. In most cases, the decision of countries to apply for the WTO membership was influenced mainly by political factors, as their economic and commercial interests were not one of the major factors in initiating the accession process. On the other hand, candidate countries were conscious of certain disadvantages of staying away from the WTO bilateral and multilateral agreements are not sufficiently comprehensive, the image of a non-member state among foreign investors is not favorable enough etc. In this order of ideas we suggest looking into the advantages of accession to the WTO. As it was mentioned above, the WTO rules were produced on the basis of the world trading system, specifically a set of rules established by the consensus of all 140 Member States of the World Trade Organization. These rules are said to make life easier for everybody, since the decisions within the WTO are taken by consensus, likewise all multilateral agreements have been negotiated and then ratified by the parliaments of each Member State. The WTO agreements are compulsory for every country, developed or less developed, big or small. Without a multilateral forum, such as the WTO, the more developed countries would have had more freedom to impose unilaterally their will on their smaller partners. Free trade reduces living expenses. A great deal of research has been done on the conflict between protectionism and free trade. Protectionism is expensive: it always raises prices. The WTO system pursues the goal of removing trade barriers by following the rules of the game set by mutual agreement and is based on the principle of non-discrimination. This brings lower production costs, lower prices for goods and services, and as a result, life becomes less expensive. The world trading system offers a much wider range of various products. Import provides for a better choice of goods and services of different quality. Even the quality of local goods can be improved in conditions of competition generated by import. Imported goods are not used only as a finished product, but also as materials, components and equipment for the production of local goods. This allows manufacturers to broaden the range of products, services and technologies applied, which ultimately contributes to the increase of exports. Trade increases incomes. Analysis and estimates of the impact of the Uruguay Round (in other words, of the establishment of the WTO) or of the creation of the European Union (EU) common market, proved that these processes brought about considerable additional revenues, which greatly stimulated economic development. Trade incurs challenges and certain risks — local manufacturers have to offer products of the same quality as the imported ones, yet not all producers succeed in this. However, the fact that there are additional revenues means that there are resources for the governments allowing for redistribution of the available benefits. This can help business operators become more competitive in the traditional fields or in the newly developed and promising ones. Trade stimulates economic growth, which implies, among other things, creation of new jobs. It is true, however, that some jobs are lost as a result of the expanding commercial activities. The same applies to the technological progress: the implementation of new technologies creates new jobs, while at the same time, cuts down jobs requiring an un- skilled labor force. In both cases, a coherent policy facilitates settlement of the employment problems, thus ensuring a better final result, particularly in conditions of a free trade, and also provides for the use of advanced technologies. It is known that trade, which ensures a more efficient and adequate use of production resources, generates division of labor among countries. An additional advantage offered by the WTO system is an increase of efficiency with less expenses. This becomes possible due to the important principles laid on the basis of the system. These principles are as follows: non-discrimination, transparency of rules and regulations, commitments to remove trade barriers and increase the access on other markets, fostering trade through making customs procedures easier and uniform, and others. à ¯Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¿ In the WTO framework governments are in a better position to defend themselves from being lobbied by some smaller groups. Thus, governments can carry on a commercial policy that satisfies the interests of all parties involved in the economy. At first sight, the application of certain restrictions on imports seems to be an efficient method of supporting the economic sector. In fact, it imbalances the economy and affects other sectors. At the same time, it is well known that making exceptions leads indirectly to tax evasion and corruption. In some cases, even the protected sectors are affected. When the policy of support given by the State is incoherent and is not rendered until the final consolidation of the capacities of enterprises, the latter at a certain point can go bankrupt or be swallowed by big corporations. Due to the fact that the WTO framework covers a wide range of sectors, if there is a case in which a pressure group resorts to lobbyism in order to be protected, the government can put up resistance to such pressures, motivating it by the fact that an agreement suitable for all sectors of the economy has to be reached. In practice governments often invoke such a reason. The system encourages good government. Governments often use the WTO framework as a practical external restriction for the elaboration of economic policies, by giving the following reason, we cant act differently because its against the WTO regulations. According to the WTO rules, once a commitment has been undertaken, it would be difficult to change this decision. For business this means a greater certainty and clarity in conditions of trade. For governments this means more discipline and correctness. Also, the world trading system contributes to peace consolidation. It seems a bit exaggerated, and yet, the system contributes to strengthening peace in the world, since, to some extent, peace is a result of the application of the two basic principles of the WTO, particularly, ensuring continuous trade and offering a fair and constructive way to settle trade disputes. An eloquent example is the trade war of 1930, when the involved countries competed in raising trade barriers in order to protect local manufacturers. This fact deepened the Great Crisis and played a certain role in the outbreak of World War II. A key-element of the WTO system is the fact that disputes are solved in a constructive way. Naturally, the development of trade may generate trade disputes which can lead to serious conflicts. Therefore, a great deal of tense international trade situations can be settled by the organizations specializing in tackling trade disputes, such as the WTO. A growing number of disputes brought before this organization reflects closer economic ties throughout the world, a growing number of the WTO members and an increasing confidence in the capacity of this system to settle disputes [2]. To summarize the advantages of the WTO membership, we can name some of them: a) the implementation of the WTO agreements, in general, offer wider trade opportunities to the Member States; b) multilateral regulations with a higher degree of restrictions ensure a safer and a more stable trade environment and provide more certainty in trade relations; c) only Member States can take advantage of the rights laid down in the WTO agreements; d) the WTO agreements have substantially improved transparency of commercial policies and of the practices of trade partners, a fact that strengthens safety and stabilizes trade relations; e) only the WTO members have an access to the mechanism of settling disputes with a view to defending their rights and commercial interests; f) membership status offers an opportunity to take part in multilateral negotiations, thus, ensuring the promotion of each members commercial and economic interests. 3.2. The Republic of Moldovas Accession to the WTO Accession, accomplished in the appropriate conditions, is a rather difficult and complicated process that may be delayed and that requires a high level of competence and coordination of government institutions, as well as a political consensus to efficiently promote national interests. The accession process involves thorough bilateral and multilateral negotiations with all WTO members concerned in the policy carried on by the candidate, which can procrastinate the process of accesion. Countries in the process of accession are bound to examine and adhere to all multilateral agreements, and, optionally, to the two plurilateral agreements, adhesion to which de jure is not compulsory. In fact, the contracting parties to these agreements expect that the candidate becomes a party of these agreements in the accession process to the WTO. This condition turns automatically into a commitment, also observed in the context of discussions and positions of the WTO member states during multilateral trade negotiations. Accession of the Republic of Moldova to the WTO was determined by the advantages offered using the legal framework of international trade and by the reasons in favor of WTO membership. Back in 1993 the Government of the Republic of Moldova applied to join GAIT. The request, which following the creation of the WTO in January 1995, had been reiterated by Moldova. The purpose of accession to the WTO was to urge the process of integration into the world economy, which provides for building a democratic society, an economy based on market economy principles. The accession was motivated also by specific disadvantages of a non-member status in the WTO, in conditions when bilateral trade agreements were not sufficiently developed. It was also motivated by an adverse image, especially among foreign investors, generated by the out of the system status. Accession negotiations coincided with the structural and systematic reforms program and with the elaboration of the countrys economic policy, including the commercial one. However, an underdeveloped administrative system and a lack of human and financial resources directly affected technical capacities providing for this complex process of accession to be conducted shortly and efficiently. Besides, in addition to the fact that it was necessary to adopt a concept to promote a commercial policy which would comply with the WTO multilateral obligations, Moldova, as any applicant country, was required to accept concessions with regard to the access to the goods market and to the consolidation of customs tariffs, as well as with regard to the commitments in the field of internal support in agriculture, and the special commitments concerning trade in services. It should be mentioned that in the course of Moldovas accession the attitude of the main trade partners towards the applicant countries became harsher compared to the period of accession to GATT. The standards of adhesion have been raised considerably. Some WTO members took a firm position requiring the applicant countries to accept a higher level of obligations compared to the one accepted by the initial members, having already included the eventual results of the next future multilateral negotiations. In practice, thi s means that the Republic of Moldova had to accept the level of tariffs consolidation and certain commitments in the services area comparable to the level of the developed countries. At the same time, the Republic of Moldova did not have the opportunity to benefit from certain provisions stipulated by the WTO agreements, which provide a special and preferential regime offered to the developing countries. The status of a developing country was not given to any applicant country with their economy in transition during the period in wich they entered into the accession negotiations with the WTO. This situation made negotiations a lot harder for Moldova  than for other candidates included in the UN list of developing countries. Despite these difficulties, as compared with the other CIS states, Moldova launched a very active process, being outrun only by Kyrgyzstan and Georgia. Initially, in conformity with the accession procedure, a memorandum on the foreign trade regime was presented. Later, a Working Group for the accession of the Republic of Moldova was created comprising 24 WTO members (the European Union having one vote), followed by rounds of questions and answers. Numerous bilateral and multilateral negotiations have been conducted on the access to the goods and services market, on offering subsidies in agriculture and on aligning national legislation on the WTO regulations The most intense negotiations were conducted with Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech Republic. India, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, USA, Turkey and the EU The longest in duration and the most consistent were the negotiations with the EU, the United States, Australia, Canada, India, and Bulgaria A special part in the accession process was both the adjustment of the current legislation to the regulations adopted by the Uruguay Round, and the elaboration of new laws in the areas that have a direct or indirect impact on foreign trade. The negotiation process lasted long due to a negative influence of a number of factors, some of which have already been mentioned. Another important factor was the absence of an adequate institutional framework and of mechanisms of elaboration of policies necessary for the operation of a market economy at the beginning of the negotiation process, which was supposed to ensure rapid development of the latter, ft is also known that frequent changes in the upper level of administration affect and considerably tarry, the accession process. These reasons have slowed down the elaboration and adoption of an adequate national legislation, a fact noticed by the Working Group members on the accession of the Republic of Moldova to the WTO. Protraction of the Republic of Moldovas accession has partially offered some facilities to the WTO members that only the WTO framework can offer. Since the presentation of the memorandum on the foreign trade regime and, later, of the replies to the questions of the working group members for working out the Report of the Working Group and of the Protocol of Accession, Moldova had to submit a great deal of information from different fields related to commercial policies, which required significant expenses. The more this process was delayed, the more information was requested, which sometimes indirectly allowed the member states to speculate on some of the plans or strategies of the applicant countries. For example, in the process of the accession of the Republic of Moldova, information in the following areas was required: practices and prices regulations, the taxation system, subsidies in agriculture, foreign investments, the environment, customs tariffs, including preferential tariff s, payments for customs procedures, exemption from customs duties, license on import, export regulations, trading enterprises owned by the state, standardization of imported goods, sanitary and phyto-sanitary standards, foreign exchange operations, and the protection system of intellectual property rights, etc. It should be mentioned that the presentation of this information was compulsory or unavoidable, since the purpose pursued was to advance the accession process. On the other hand, all these have led to facilitation of the aims of the major WTO actors, who use different levers in the accession process in order to have the applicant countries undertake anticipated commitments within the WTO, thus ensuring their alignment on the subjects discussed during multilateral negotiations. As a non-member country we have already missed many opportunities to negotiated on various bilateral agreements with the states of Central and Eastern Europe the WTO members. Foreign business operators are discouraged by the lack of a clear set of rules, which would allow them to set up their business on the basis of internationally recognized principles. The relations of cooperation in the economic and commercial fields with the countries of the European Union or of the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) have been blocked or not given pertinent importance. Treatment of the economic system of the Republic of Moldova as one that is not based on market principles

Computer Technology and the Physically Challenged :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Computer Technology and the Physically Challenged Computer technology has positively affected the physically challenged. Computer technology brings new techniques for the blind, deaf, and people with movement disabilities. New programs are making it easier for the disabled. Some schools and states are helping the disabled by setting up computer labs and computer recycling programs. Computer technology has really helped the blind and the deaf. It has brought Braille keys to a regular keyboard. The blind can print out their documents as a Braille copy or a regular copy. If a blind person does not know Braille, then they can use speech synthesizers. Speech synthesizers can speak the words on the screen aloud. A 62-year-old professor uses a portable speech synthesizer. Computer technology has helped make life easier for the deaf because they can read the computer screen easier than before. A center called Adaptive Technology Resource Centre (ATRC) is making it easier for the disabled to access information technology. The new ATRC program, at the University of Toronto, designed to access information. Another program, called MathML, was intended to put math on the web. ATRC worked with MathML to make it accessible to people. The ATRC has also added haptics, the sense of touch and audio, to interactive programs. In an article I read, one example given was a periodic table that showed the relative elements and weight. Another example given was of a pendulum model that showed the properties of a pendulum. ATRC is also exploring the use of captioning and video description. People can look up a word they do not know using one of these methods. ATRC, along with three other companies, has come up with the smart card system. The smart card sets up the computer to the individuals’ preference. Another program that was set up to help disabled people is called Equal Access to Software and Information (EASI). EASI is like ATRC; it provides access to information and guidance to the physically challenged. Through a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant, EASI had developed several projects. At the Georgia Institute of Technology, they are trying to make science labs more accessible to students with disabilities. They also take an interest in distant learning by having two online workshops to assist in understanding the Internet and computers. Other schools are starting to help the disabled; whether it is by setting up a new computer lab or recycling used computers.

Pe Reflection

This semester has been great for me in terms of personal fitness. I have had the good fortune of having gym class and a foods class in the same semester. In combination I can stay fit and make healthy food choices which are key to being healthy. I am sure when I recap on my semester in PPL20 I will remember things I have learned, memorable moments, things that have really affected me as a person, some things that I did not enjoy and things I will remember in 5 years. There are a few things I have learned this semester in this class.I feel like the most things I have learned came from health class as we did not have a proper class to do units too in depth. I learned a lot about different drugs and their different names, short term effects, long term effects and legal status. We also learned about steroids and the different kinds of steroids. We also learned about a lot of different side effects and different dangers of steroids. I also learned about how to achieve success without ster oids. I also learned how to play badminton a lot better by placing the birdy away from the opponent on every hit and not hitting it in the middle.In the weight room I was able to apply what I learned from last year and from outside of school to be efficient in the weight room and finish lots of sets in a period of time. I felt pretty comfortable in most units that we studied. I think the biggest challenge for me was to play badminton because I am not really good at that sport. But I did feel like I really did improve a lot with the technique and where to place the birdie. I really enjoyed playing ringette and hockey because I do not play them often but I feel I should.I felt most comfortable in indoor sports that we did in class such as basketball, indoor soccer, and volleyball. I think I did well in those units because those were the sports I was most familiar with so it was easy to adjust to. I wish we could have gone more in depth in the rugby unit because I really do want to imp rove in the sport. I did have some difficulty in games of low organization because they would be usually sports or activities I have never played or heard of before so it would make it harder to adjust to the play style of the game. There were a few memorable moments throughout this semester in gym class.One memorable moment is when we had a lot of international students in our gym class and one of the Iraqi students got angry at Walter and said â€Å"You no good. † which is funny because didn’t know English well at the time. Other than that I do not think there were any other memorable moments during this semester in gym class. I think I have learned some things in this class that have affected me as a person. Most importantly something that really affected me as a person is that it is not how much you lift, it’s how you lift it is an important one since it will help me plenty when I am working out.Another important thing that has affected me is learning about what to do when working out. What I mean by that is to start with the bigger muscles and multi-joints first. It is going to save me lots of time on wasted workouts that do not work my body to their full potential. Another thing that has affected me as a person is understanding the true definition of character. Character is what people do when no one is watching, means that you shouldn’t act like one person when people around and then act like a completely different person when no one is watching. There were something’s that I did not enjoy while participating in this class.One thing for sure was basketball. I did not enjoy it because there was a large skill gap in out class so the good players were pretty much the only players that could touch the ball. I did not enjoy many of the games of low organization as I would much prefer to play sports I am familiar with but sometimes some of the games were fun. Sometimes I didn’t like badminton because it felt like we w ere playing it a lot during that month. There are a few things that I think that I will remember in 5 years. It all comes from the health unit we did at the end. I will definitely remember all the dangers of drugs.What I learned will help me make better decisions in the future. What we learned about steroids will also stick with me for a while. The dangers of steroids outweigh the benefits by a lot and it is not worth taking when you can be a natural athlete. In conclusion this semester has been great as I stated in my introduction. It has helped me become a better person and a better athlete. I will be able to use what I have learned this semester in class to assist me in next year’s gym class if I decide to take it and even to apply what I have learned to use from day to day.

Mcdonald Competitive Advantage

McDonald’s core competency is providing convenience when people need and want to eat fast food at prices that are competitive and provide best value for the customer's money. One of McDonald’s competitive advantages is its focus on consistency of  quality, production of food and use of raw materials all around the world. The world recognition associated with the brand McDonald’s itself is also one of McDonald's competitive advantages. We strive to be cost leaders and offer our food at prices that cannot be matched by our competitors.In order to do this, your store must be efficient and keep everyday operations costs as low as possible. Doing so, will allow for our stores to be superior to other fast food restaurants because we can serve our food at lower prices than any other fast food company. Another important competitive advantage we have here at McDonald’s is the speedy delivery of our food. In order to maintain this advantage over other fast food ch ains, you must make the processes of cooking food simple for all your employees.It must be easy to learn and easy to execute with a low failure rate to ensure the quick production and delivery of your food. These two competitive advantages comply directly with the vision of the company which is as follows: â€Å"McDonald's vision is to be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. † Just like any other firm, McDonald’s competitive advantages are what makes it stand out when compared to other companies.These aspects of McDonald’s are what helped it become the number one fast food distributor in the world. McDonald's competitive advantage is based on brand recognition. McDonald's brand is well known in all markets, nationally and internationally. A new report by business intelligence firm shows how top corporatio ns such as McDonalds's, Coca-cola use their brands to strategically position themselves to gain and retain new customers, even in the most competitive markets. Brand recognition holds tremendous influence on consumer buying habits

Defects of Education in India

EDUCATION in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Education as a science cannot be separated from the educational traditions that existed before. Adults trained the young of their society in the knowledge and skills they would need to master and eventually pass on. In pre-literate societies this was achieved orally and through imitation and story-telling etc . Oral language developed into written symbols and letters. Schooling in this sense was already in place in Egypt between 3000 and 500BC The gurukula system was the ancient system of education. A gurukula is a type of school in India, residential in nature, with shishyas living in proximity to the guru, often within the same house. In a gurukul, shishyas reside together as equals, irrespective of their social standing, learn from the guru and help the guru in his day-to-day life. They did not accept fees ONLY ASMALL GURUDAKSHINA WHICH MAY NOT BE MONETARY. INDIA S ANCIENT GURUKUL SYSTEM IS WORTH EMULATING BY ALL INTERESTED IN IMPARTING EDUCATION. THE GURUKUL SYSTEMBRINGS A SENSE OF RESPECT AND COMMITMENT FROM THE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENTS Nalanda and Takshishila universities were the oldest university-system of education in the world. Indian education suffered a huge blow as Western education became ingrained into Indian society with the establishment of the British empire. the British so cleverly played their cards that even after fifty years of independence we still continue to exist in a state of stupor, unable unwilling to extricate ourselves from one of the greatest hypnoses woven over a whole nation. Indian curriculum is criticized for being based on rote learning. Our present day education system gives no chance to creativity. It is marks , grades and competition all the way . It should inculcate good values in the minds of students. Emphasis should also be given on physical and vocational training. Teaching of ethics should be incorporated in the curriculum right from kindergarden through high school. Children should be allowed to choose their own subjects acc. to their interests. They must be made to interact with each other in groups and express their views on various topics. Instead of taking notes from voluminous books , teachers etc they must be made to get information by themselves and share it with the class. This will help them to develop good analytical skills and reading habits . Children must have practical experience . They can be taken on trips to museums, labs, etc where they can learn by interacting with experienced people. Education is to gain and share knowledge. Sharing without communication is impossible. English should not be banned at the primary level as it remains the global language. Learning hindi, the national language and the state language helps in internal communication. The system of Education in India should focus on learning and not exams. Unfortunately Education has become a lucrative business destroying the real purpose of itself. The bad quality of education in govt schools have given a thrust to the the rise of commercial coaching classes all over India. Students today hardly think of being a teacher due to less perk†¦ many who are hardly passionate about engineering and medicine are studying just for the sake of getting a fat salary and package along with it. Middle class parents pay what is demanded by the coaching classes, this has alarmingly turned out to b an industry in our nation. Statistically 25% of the Indian population is illiterate, only 7% of the population that goes to school manage to graduate and 15% manage to make it to high school. 80% of schools are managed by the Govt. , private schools are expensive and out of reach for the poor Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. To improve the quality of education , the government needs to spend more money from its coffers on education. The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient in government schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. Conclusion School teachers SHOULD BE PAID high SALARIES and, every care is to be taken that these teachers keep on upgrading. The government should realize that these are the people who shape their future generations. All over India the syllabus must be same, because partiality occurs between students. . Frankly it would be foolhardy to believe that a syllabus consisting a bit of maths bit of science, arts and literature is a foolproof way to educate whole of India. Our present day system of education can be revamped and changes incorporated by getting a group of experienced teachers from various parts of our country. The task is best done by them and not by a bunch of politicians who do not have any training in education. Hope to see the Indian system of education reach its zenith like it did in ancient times!

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a Essay

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment - Essay Example Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment Some of theorists has different ideas they said that self interest would require for a business to fulfil the law and adhere to essential ethical rules, because the cost of fading to do so might be extremely expensive in fines, loss of licensure, or company status. The economist Milton Friedman was an important advocate of this vision. Other theorists argue that a business has ethical duties that expand well past serving the comfort of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than just following the law. They think a business has ethical responsibilities to supposed stakeholders, people who have a concern in the manner of the business, which might comprise employees, customers, vendors, the local community, or even society as a whole. They would state that stakeholders have firm privileges with regard to how the business works, and several would even propose that this even comprise rights of governance. The confirmation and fraction of the problem is the scarcity of data is varied. Surely, people are more aware of ethics in business. There is extra conversation between managers, and a few high-profile cases of companies doing their top to do the correct thing. But what is mainly astonishing is how little things have in reality changed. As ethics codes are commonplace, ethical mores remains all too uncommon. Information on whistleblowers specifies that for the most part are still disliked by their company and aristocracy, with many anguish relegation or absolute job loss. Accounting and responsibility have been the main concerns for restores belief, yet as recently as last quarter, the central accounting supervisory body in the U.S. reported that up to half of the yearly reports for 2004 had severe indiscretion in them. Clients are too sending diverse signals. They are usually smarter regarding ethical reflections yet do not essentially pursue through their concerns or morals in getting decisions. In the U.K., which has perhaps the most developed methods and trainings for business responsibility, sales for ethical brands are exploding, albeit from a tiny base. Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility in general designates an enterprise's actions health and safety, ecological protection, customer security, society development, dealer relations, labour protection and personnel practices, as well as strategy sort such as production authority, business morals and stakeholder privileges. Stakeholders and the community in general are more and more aware of the impact of decisions by corporations on community and the surroundings. People recompense or penalize venture according to the means corporation's address commune's challenges. For their part, ventures are even more reaping the profits of corporate social responsibility in terms of enhanced status and branding, superior assessment by the investment community and stronger monetary act and profitability, for instance through eco-efficiency. Milton Friedman Friedman "was the most powerful economist of the second half of the 20th centurypossibly of all of it". (Alan Greenspan) "There are incredibly not many individuals over the generations who contain ideas that are suitably unique to significantly change the way of

Taoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Taoism - Essay Example Taoist are also positive people. They do not necessarily believe in a huge difference between good and bad. Their experiences have different results and depending on how one is affected by a situation’s outcome, there is no general good or bad outcome. However, there is a total difference while comparing Taoism to the Confucianism. While Taoism does not encourage embracing of material wealth, Confucianism does not discourage this either (Daniel 39). Confucianism emphasizes more on social responsibility. The two religions may be different, but on the other hand, they complement each other. The development of China has been enabled by the existence of both religions. Where Taoism stresses on harmony Confucianism encourages social responsibility. In turn, the two promote teamwork a sense of belonging among the believers and have an impact on the country as a whole. This has also invited people from different parts of the world to embrace their culture as

Using our data set from Unit 1, compose a e-mail to the head of the Research Paper

Using our data set from Unit 1, compose a e-mail to the head of the American Intellectual Union, which includes the following - Research Paper Example Qualitative variables are usually measurable, purely mathematical and descriptive in nature. Because of their manipulation on other parameters, they have a greater bearing on the outcome of the results (Earl, 2009). For the purposes of this study, one of the qualitative variables is gender and it is descriptive. Intrinsic and Age variables are the quantitative variables in the study. On matters gender, the study found that job satisfaction is fairly divided between males and females (as shown by the graph). This means there’s no clear trend that creates an indisputable relationship between job satisfaction and gender. So we also suport the argument that gender in no way influences job satisfaction in an organization. This can be infered from the graph below and from the data whereby despite the skewness was found to be -1.41623 and as such showing that the job satisfaction tends to be skewed towards the men gender, the overall picture shows no relationship between gender and job satisfaction. From the same study, the graphical outlay confirms that job satisfaction varies in a random fashion. Most people receive their job satisfaction from the intrinsic rewards derived confirming the earlier assertion that intrinsic rewards are strong determinants of job satisfaction in any organisation. This can be shown in the graph

Assessment for Taxation Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment for Taxation Law - Assignment Example A lump sum is subjected to tax on the extent to which it is quantifiable and identifiable as representing reimbursement of income loss. In this case, we shall analyze cases related to this scenario, and try to relate the extent to which the damage that was paid to Nutra Tech Pty Ltd is assessable for tax purpose. Cases and judgments In McLaurin v FCT, the court resolved a case that involved payment of lump sum amount, paid as damages caused by a bush fire on the taxpayers grazing property. 1 This lump sum was a collection of particular items of damage, which were not clearly disclosed to the taxpayer. The court ruled that the distribution was in order after analyzing the details of the case. The decision in this case supported dissection of a payment into several heads and classify some as income and others as non-income, given that the payments is in relation to separate claims, some of which must be liquidated (Nethercott, Devos, & Richardson, 2010). In Van den Berghs Ltd v Clark,2 the judge distinguished capital from income through two tests. One test aimed at establishing whether the contract was part of a fixed framework, that the capital belonged. The other test was to establish whether the contract was purely supplementary to profit-making or a crucial part of the process itself. In this case, the taxpayer entered a contract with a Dutch company, but the contract was terminated and Van den Berghs paid ?450,000 as damages for cancellation of the agreement. The judges held that this amount was capital in nature, since Van den Berghs gave up its right under the agreement. In addition, it was argued that the agreement which was canceled was not commercial in nature, but only affected the manner in which profit-making activities were run. Furthermore, examination of the company’s circumstances exposed that the contract stood for the permanent framework that Van den Berghs run its trade (Nethercott, Devos, & Richardson, 2010). The case of Californian Oi l Products (In Lia) v FC is also related to capital and revenue income. The case was concerned with a taxpayer, who entered into an agreement with a foreign company, which accorded it rights to dispense its oil products in Australia. 3As a result, the oil company terminated the contract and compensated California Oil for the termination. The court ruled that the amount paid as damages for termination of the contract involved ditching a fundamental sole business; hence, the compensation was of a capital nature. In FC of T v CSR, it was decided that capital gain tax provisions, were applicable if the taxpayer obtained a lump sum in exchange of damages for breach of contract. In regard to Income Tax Assessment Act, 118-20, which is related to CGT taxing powers relationships to the rest of the provisions, the capital gain would be reduced if the amount was assessable income, as stipulated in sections 20-25(4) (CCH Australia Limited, 2009). Application of the cases To establish whether t he damage received by Nutra Tech Pty Ltd is of capital or income nature, it is important to consider whether the terminated agreement, which was related to consultancy services, was associated to its profit-making activities. If Nutra Tech Pty Ltd could be able to obtain another contract to replace the terminated one, then it can be held that the agreement did not obstruct Nutra Tech Pty Ltd’s profit-making act